On the equipment lubrication technology development and application of
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Abstract: In an overview of lubrication equipment on the basis of the highlights of the current domestic and four more advanced lubrication technology and its application for analysis.
Key words: equipment; lubrication; technology; development; Application
Key words: TH 117.2 Document code: B
    
Lubrication equipment maintenance equipment is an important part of its role and more obvious each day. Lubrication equipment, including lubrication management and technology lubricating the two areas. In recent years, the rapid development of lubrication technology, engineering equipment in the position to improve significantly and become one of the four engineering and technology.
      I. Introduction
Various types of machinery and equipment are on the functioning of its institutions to achieve its intended function. Contact with each other machine parts in the movement will inevitably create friction and wear and tear have lead to mechanical. According to state friction lubrication can be divided into different: dry friction, the friction between the border and liquid friction. In order to reduce friction and reduce wear and tear, lower energy consumption, improve the operating efficiency of equipment, is commonly used in the device measures the relative movement of parts for lubrication. On the border friction, lubrication of its principles are: lubricants and spare parts of elements combine to create friction on the surface membrane of the border, to varying degrees in order to reduce the coefficient of friction, reduce or prevent wear and tear parts.
     Lubrication equipment for the material that is, lubricants, about 600 species. Lubricants can be divided into lubricating the base and lubrication additives two broad categories. Lubrication matrix is divided into natural and synthetic lubricants lubricants.
     Second, lubrication technology development and application of
     At present, the equipment in the development of lubrication technology in four areas of concern, are as follows.
     1. Synthetic oil development and application of
     In the natural oil in the largest application of mineral oil. Whether mineral or lubricating grease, there has been a marked lack of lubrication effect. Natural lubricants to highlight the shortcomings: (1) work with the viscosity of the oil temperature changes affect the lubricating effect of the machine; (2) in the air easily oxidized deterioration, particularly in the high-temperature, the stability of its poor; (3) large coefficients of friction, the power consumption of large sport; (4) easy oil degradation, pollution of the environment.
     In order to overcome the natural lubricants there are a number of issues, from the 1930s onwards, Science and Technology Lubricant began to develop synthetic lubricants. The United States, Germany has produced a variety of specifications of synthetic lubricants, and gradually promote the use of.
     Synthetic lubricants are: (1) good adhesion properties of temperature; (2) high-temperature oxidation stability, long life, mineral oil is about six times. As a result, reduce the number of oil, saving materials; (3) low volatile; (4) to reduce friction coefficient of 20% -35% lower power consumption 4.4% -13.5% of the individual to achieve more than 30%; (5) some Brand with a biodegradable, environmentally-friendly.
     Although the price of synthetic lubricants more expensive, generally 4-5 times that of mineral oil, but if properly selected, which can reduce the total cost, and some can be reduced 1 / 2.
     At present, the world's industrialized countries generally value the use of synthetic lubricants, particularly in the car. If the United States, more than 90% of petrol and diesel for more than 60% of all multi-level synthetic oil; in Japan, 100% of the gasoline engine and diesel engine 52% of the multi-level synthetic oil. In our application will be less, only 13% of the gasoline engine and diesel engine using 16% of the multi-level synthetic oil.
     2. Sophisticated filtering technology development and application of
In order to maintain the cleanliness of the machine lubricants in equipment maintenance in order to carry out all provisions to deal with oil at any time or from time to time the filter to remove impurities. But with the failure of machine parts in-depth analysis found that the application of sophisticated filtering technology there is a new harvest. Operation of the machine parts for the failure of performance of the four major forms. To prevent the fracture, corrosion and deformation, especially in the first two failures have been more reliable solution. If the design (including the selection of materials, manufacturing and monitoring to take measures to prevent and difficult to wear.
In recent years, the country's foreign engineers through the test equipment that study, mechanical wear and tear for the performance of the friction and wear, adhesive wear and abrasive wear in the form of three. The first two wear through lubrication can be a good preventive. Abrasive Wear of awareness is not sufficient. A large number of experiments have proved that oil from metal parts falling on the particles is caused by impurities in parts of the main reasons for wear and tear. Thus, detection of oil should be kept in shape with the number of abrasive, so clear in a timely manner. Commonly used method is to carry out precision oil filter, filter out "5μm impurities, the results are obvious. Sweden's SKF Bearing tests showed that the removal of oil in 2 ~ 5μm of solid particles, can extend the life of the bearings 10-50 times; Japan BHP Steel rolling mill NSC long-standing "Run
Waterloo pollution prevention and control of "significant effects, equipment failures each year by more than 300 down to 85, to update the hydraulic pump to lower the rate of 80%.
     For sophisticated filtering technology, and some engineers call "to maintain the initiative" and for the definition of "lead to damage to the equipment parts (failure) of the root causes of the factors to monitor and control parts to prevent the failure to reduce equipment failures and reduce maintenance of a Positive measures. "Some of the papers such measures as" a true preventive maintenance. " According to the United States on the report of the analysis unit, "to maintain the initiative" to low-cost equipment to ensure the normal operation of the hydraulic system, the expenses incurred for the failure (after) the maintenance cost of 1 / 180, on a regular basis (to prevent) the maintenance of 1 / 130, State (unpredictable) maintenance of the 1 / 80. Therefore, it is said in this manner for the maintenance of the fourth generation.
     3. Lubrication additives and the development of applications
     With the advances in industrial technology and equipment to improve the performance of ordinary fossil resin has been difficult to meet the lubricants operation of the equipment. To this end, scientists and technicians started to look at adding a small amount of lubricant (3% -5%), a special material, to improve their lubricating properties, such special material known as lubrication additives. Lubrication additives generally do not change the viscosity of the lubricant base, such as performance, do not have a lubricant and chemical reactions. On the whole, the lubrication additives are as follows: (1) to improve the performance of lubricants. If the increase in oil film strength; (2) improve the adaptability of the work of the lubricant. To improve the adhesion properties such as temperature and lower oil condensate, oil on the Elimination of foam; (3) to increase the stability of the lubricant. Such as increasing anti-oxidation and corrosion resistance; (4) to improve the surface of parts
Performance and working conditions. Such as improving anti-wear parts, spare parts to repair wear and tear, the realization of adaptive function.
At present, the developed countries in the world of lubrication additives have been 11 major categories of thousands of varieties, Jiao Jiao for nano-additives. The technology has greatly enhanced equipment lubrication effect.
    (1) of the mechanism of nano-additives
    When the material into small particles of nanometer size, usually in 1-100nrn, this time the material itself, many of the inherent properties of soil were made. This phenomenon known as the effects of nanotechnology. One of the effects of nanotechnology on the surface and interface effects, lubrication additives will produce a leap in the family.
     When particles detailed material, its surface area increased significantly, while at the location on the surface of the atomic number elements also increased significantly. In general, 100nrn size of the particles on the surface of its atomic elements account for only a few atoms of the total number of elements of 2%; 10nrn size of the particles on the surface of atomic number elements the proportion of 20%; 1nm size of the particles on the surface of the atomic number elements The proportion is over 90%.
     Atomic particle surface molecule crystal field of environment and the internal binding energy of atomic particles with different elements. The surface atoms around the lack of electronics, there are a lot of space key to the performance of non-saturated, with high chemical activity. This effect can greatly improve the performance of lubricants.
     (2) Performance Analysis of nano-additives
      At present, nano-additives are mainly inorganic nano-, nano-inorganic, organic nano-, nano-organic polymer materials and nano-five types of metal. They have their own excellent performance, most notably in the following three aspects.
       ① to increase oil film strength. As the nano-particles on the surface of the interface effect, when the lubricant additives containing resin parts and friction surfaces, to form a nano-membrane adsorption, and in the operation in response to the formation of nano-membrane. Its strength is far more than traditional additives produced by physical adsorption membrane, the membrane chemical adsorption and chemical reaction membrane. But also because of its extremely small size, it can be boring people get into the micro-additives ultra-fine cracks, so that better lubrication.
     ② additives to improve the uniformity and density of Suspension. As the nano-particle size small, light weight, so it is easy to long-term stability in the lubricating fluid suspension. 1μm3 as an additive particles, when it is refined for 10nrn size of the particles, the grains may be increased to 106. This is known as nanoparticle size and the effect of the number of effects. The above performance common additives are not available.
     ③ realization of repair parts. The function repair of nano-additives in the two areas. On the one hand, the additives in the nano-particles of metal catalyst and metal parts under the surface, forming a new lattice structure filled traces of wear and tear. At the same time, to optimize pairs with the effects of space; On the other hand, the campaign took place spare parts extreme pressure friction, nano-additives in the surface of metal parts pottery protective layer to greatly increase the hardness in order to prevent wear and tear of the new parts.
     4. Lubrication Oil and Gas Technology
     Lubrication equipment and facilities as a result of the use of lubricating materials have a variety of different ways lubrication. More advanced automatic timing devices for oil, lubricating oil mist to more general use.
     At present, the lubrication engineers are studying a new way of lubrication, that is, lubricating oil and gas technology. Than in the lubricating oil mist lubrication oil consumption and results have improved significantly.
     Traditional oil mist lubrication oil is to be atomized into a 0.5-2μm fog tablets, with the forward air speed to the machine. The lubricating oil is the oil-for-step with the 0.3-0.4MPa compressed air to 30-80m / s velocity, from time to time, the oil droplets in order to quantify the 0.02-0.05m / s speed of the spray lubricant to the site.
     Lubricating oil of the main advantages are: (1) fuel oil mist lubrication for the 1/10-1/30; (2) a small oil spill will help to improve the working environment; (3) applies to high-speed, heavy-duty, High-temperature parts of the state of the work of lubrication.
     Third, the conclusion
     Several of these new lubrication technology does have its obvious superiority, but any advanced technology has its scope of application of the above and lubrication technology are foreign. Lubrication Engineers in the introduction of a new lubricating materials and lubrication technology, according to their own devices with the structure of the operation and reasonable choice to obtain the best results.